A short version of the BDI questionnaire for medical patients, called the BDI Fast Screen (BDI-FS), is available for use in primary care. BDI-II does not rely on any particular theory of depression, and it is available in a variety of languages. It was revised in 1978 with the BDI-IA and 1996 with the BDI-II, both copyrighted. In it, negative cognitive distortions were a central aspect of depression. Along with related findings, such results are leading researchers and clinicians to recognize that unipolar MDD is a far more heterogeneous category than previously recognized.Ī post shared by Psychologist Nikita (She/her) Depression Inventoryīeck Depression Inventory (BDI) is 21 items assessing depression severity in normal and psychiatric populations. Recently, a subthreshold form of bipolar II disorder has also been recognized as careful study has revealed that as many as 40 percent of individuals diagnosed with unipolar MDD have a similar number of hypomanic symptoms, although not with a sufficient number or duration to qualify for a full-blown hypomanic episode (Zimmerman et.al., 2009). Bipolar II disorder evolves into bipolar I disorder in only about 5 to 15 percent of cases, suggesting that they are distinct forms of the disorder (Coryell et.al., 1995 Goodwin & Jamison, 2007). population will suffer from one or the other disorder (e.g., Kessler et al., 2007 Kupfer, 2005). Bipolar II disorder is equally or somewhat more common than bipolar I disorder, and, when combined, estimates are that about 2 to 3 percent of the U.S. Moreover, many patients in a manic episode have some symptoms of depressed mood, anxiety, guilt, and suicidal thoughts, even if these are not severe enough to qualify as a mixed episode.īipolar II: In this, the person does not experience full-blown manic (or mixed) episodes but has experienced clear-cut hypomanic episodes as well as major depressive episodes (Akiskal & Benazzi, 2005). Indeed Goodwin & Jamison’s (2007) review of 18 studies reported that an average of 28 percent of bipolar patients at least occasionally experiences mixed states. Such cases were once thought to be relatively rare but have increasingly been recognized as relatively common (e.g., Cassidy et al., 1998 Goodwin & Jamison, 2007). A mixed episode is characterized by symptoms of both full-blown manic and major depressive episodes for at least 1 week, whether the symptoms are intermixed or alternate rapidly every few days. Normal mood states can occur between both types of episodes.īipolar I disorder is distinguished from major depressive disorder by the presence of mania. However, other people experience manic episodes at certain time points and depressive episodes at other time points. Some people with mood disorders experience only time periods or episodes characterized by depressed moods. The two key moods involved in mood disorders are mania, often characterized by intense and unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria, and depression, which usually involves feelings of extraordinary sadness and dejection. Other symptoms are also present, but the abnormal mood is the defining feature. Nevertheless, in all mood disorders (formerly called affective disorders), extremes of emotion or affect-soaring elation or deep depression-dominate the clinical picture. Mood disorders are diverse in nature, as is illustrated by the many types of depression recognized in the DSM-5 that we will discuss. Mood, which is a sustained and pervasive emotional response which colors the whole psychic life.Affect, which is a short-lived emotional response to an idea or an event, and.Many, but not all, mood disorders are diagnosed on the basis of a mood episode.īroadly speaking, emotions can be described as two main types: Nearly every patient who has a mood disorder experiences the “lows” of depression at some time, but some may also have the “highs” of mania. It’s a pervasive distortion of one’s emotional state. INTRODUCTION :Ī mood disorder is a pattern of illness due to an abnormal mood. To assess the level of depression using the Beck Depression Inventory.
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